B2C$508339$ - перевод на голландский
![[[Japan]] has the largest number of vending machines per capita.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/016 Coca-Cola vending machine at Kyoto Station, Japan - コカコーラ 自動販売機.JPG?width=200 "[[Japan]] has the largest number of vending machines per capita.")
![Department stores, such as [[Le Bon Marché]] of France, appeared from the mid nineteenth century](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AA446b copy.jpeg?width=200 "Department stores, such as [[Le Bon Marché]] of France, appeared from the mid nineteenth century")
 (14593807460).jpg?width=200 "People who shop for pleasure are known as recreational shoppers. The recreational shopper has its origins in the grand European shopping arcades. Pictured: The gentry in a Dutch lace shop in the 17th century")
, au Palais-Royal, 1825.jpg?width=200 "alt=")
![The retail servicescape includes the appearance, equipment, display space, retail counters, signage, layout and functionality of a retail outlet. Pictured: [[Harrods]] food court](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Harrods Food Department Halls (8473364801).jpg?width=200 "The retail servicescape includes the appearance, equipment, display space, retail counters, signage, layout and functionality of a retail outlet. Pictured: [[Harrods]] food court")
![A local store named "Luovon puoji" in the [[Hailuoto Island]], [[Finland]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Luovon puoji.jpg?width=200 "A local store named \"Luovon puoji\" in the [[Hailuoto Island]], [[Finland]]")
![Australia's [[Officeworks]] is a category killer, retailing everything for the home office or small commercial office; stationery, furniture, electronics, communications devices, copying, printing and photography services, coffee, tea and light snacks](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pfficeworks inside.jpg?width=200 "Australia's [[Officeworks]] is a category killer, retailing everything for the home office or small commercial office; stationery, furniture, electronics, communications devices, copying, printing and photography services, coffee, tea and light snacks")
![A general store in Scarsdale, Victoria, Australia operates as a post-office, newsagent, petrol station, video hire, grocer and take-away food retailer. This type of store is referred to locally as a [[milk bar]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ScarsdaleGeneralStore.JPG?width=200 "A general store in Scarsdale, Victoria, Australia operates as a post-office, newsagent, petrol station, video hire, grocer and take-away food retailer. This type of store is referred to locally as a [[milk bar]]")
![Coop]], are cooperatives.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zuerich Migroshochhaus 5.jpg?width=200 "Coop]], are cooperatives.")
Определение
Википедия
Retail is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is sale to business or institutional customers. A retailer purchases goods in large quantities from manufacturers, directly or through a wholesaler, and then sells in smaller quantities to consumers for a profit. Retailers are the final link in the supply chain from producers to consumers.
Retail markets and shops have a very ancient history, dating back to antiquity. Some of the earliest retailers were itinerant peddlers. Over the centuries, retail shops were transformed from little more than "rude booths" to the sophisticated shopping malls of the modern era. In the digital age, an increasing number of retailers are seeking to reach broader markets by selling through multiple channels, including both bricks and mortar and online retailing. Digital technologies are also affecting the way that consumers pay for goods and services. Retailing support services may also include the provision of credit, delivery services, advisory services, stylist services and a range of other supporting services.
Most modern retailers typically make a variety of strategic level decisions including the type of store, the market to be served, the optimal product assortment, customer service, supporting services, and the store's overall market positioning. Once the strategic retail plan is in place, retailers devise the retail mix which includes product, price, place, promotion, personnel, and presentation.
